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CEO of SMI predicts lack of PCIe 6.0 SSDs for PCs until 2030, Nvidia sets necessity for SSDs offering 100 million IOPS - Wallace C. Kou's insights on SSD advancements

CEO of Silicon Motion deliberates on the potential of solo developers concentrating on SSD controllers, especially PCIe 6.0 SSDs, PLC 3D NAND, and unusual types of non-volatile memory. Additionally, the CEO explains why NAND manufacturers are expected to carry on relying on controllers from...

Silicon Motion's CEO deliberates on the potential of autonomous SSD controller developers, PCIe 6.0...
Silicon Motion's CEO deliberates on the potential of autonomous SSD controller developers, PCIe 6.0 SSDs, 3D PLC NAND, and other unusual types of non-volatile memory, along with the rationale behind NAND manufacturers' decisions to persist using controllers from external parties.

Adapting to the Evolving SSD Industry

CEO of SMI predicts lack of PCIe 6.0 SSDs for PCs until 2030, Nvidia sets necessity for SSDs offering 100 million IOPS - Wallace C. Kou's insights on SSD advancements

The booming integration of the storage industry during the 2010s has significantly impacted every significant SSD provider, giving rise to in-house SSD controller design teams. This transformation has left a small number of independent SSD controller makers, such as Maxio, Phison, and Silicon Motion (SMI), dominating the market with their growing businesses.

At Computex 2025, we sat down with Wallace C. Kou, the founder, and CEO of Silicon Motion. This leading independent SSD controller developer shared insights about the company's strategy and industry trends during our intriguing conversation.

During our discussion, we touched on a multitude of topics, including PCIe 5.0 and PCIe 6.0 SSDs, the transformation of the SSD market over the last 10 years, the future of vertically integrated 3D NAND manufacturers relying on third-party controllers, and more.

Expanding Horizons in the Consolidated Market

Anton Shilov: The major players in NAND and SSD production have acquired numerous SSD controller startups from 2015 to 2020. However, they not only continue to work with you but also often use your controllers for many of their branded products. What's your secret, or are they simply at a disadvantage?

Wallace C. Kou: Our strategy to win revolves around maintaining roadmap alignment with current and future market trends and NAND manufacturer plans and capabilities.

Compared to the past, the NAND industry has undergone significant changes. With the shift from 2D to 3D NAND, the capital expenditure (CapEx) has doubled. As a result, NAND manufacturers must focus on profitable areas to grow. Each manufacturer has a unique playing field, such as Samsung and SK hynix with distinct businesses, while SanDisk relies on its lack of a DRAM business.

We excel in areas where we're strong. Fundamentally, we support NAND manufacturers in selling wafers or enabling their channel business. We also aid module makers in managing inventory or utilizing excess supply, creating a broader ecosystem and providing opportunities to grow.

Keeping Ahead in the Competitive Landscape

Anton Shilov: Engaging not just with NAND technology, but also with internal projects, seems to be a key factor. How does this support your competitors?

Wallace C. Kou: When they have a need, they come to us for various forms of support. Even 10 years ago, we could see that NAND manufacturers couldn't do everything themselves. For certain products, they have to outsource to SMI, right? They maintain the most critical areas in-house but leave other areas to collaboration with us.

Some NAND caters to mobile, some to client, some to enterprise, some to automotive - in certain areas, they need help, and that's where we step in. This allows us to capture opportunities whenever they arise, ensuring we continue to grow. Third-party controllers are also a vital part of the current solution. You can see it with all the NAND manufacturers today, including YMTC.

When they have a new-generation pre-sample, they come to SMI. We quickly test it and provide feedback, helping build relationships - from technology to personnel, from management to R&D, from planning to sales - across all departments. We are currently the only controller maker collaborating with all six or seven NAND manufacturers, depending on how you count. Additionally, we do it independently - engaging not just with R&D, but also with executive teams, planning, marketing, sales, and procurement.

Anton Shilov: It's interesting to see how SMI caters to various segments of the market. Which of these will grow faster? What kind of market share should we expect?

Wallace C. Kou: I think growth is a natural trend for a company like ours. Our focus on enterprise SSDs, mobile eMMC/UFS controllers, and automotive controller solutions is a natural direction for us. And we see the muscle we have.

For instance, at a recent JP Morgan Investor Conference, the message was clear: Silicon Motion has four major categories - client consumer SSD controllers, mobile eMMC/UFS controllers, enterprise controllers, and automotive solutions. These are the areas where we will continue to grow.

Especially for enterprise and automotive, we will grow faster because the base is still small. For client SSDs, we already have about 30% market share. We are confident we can grow to 40% within the next three to four years, with PCIe 5.0 drives being a key factor.

With the SM2508, our first eight-channel PCIe 5.0 controller, this represents the first opportunity to serve the high-end market. In the past, we never had such a chance. Now, among 3D NAND manufacturers, we have won four of them, and nearly all of the module makers. So, as high-end PCIe Gen5 adaptation continues to grow, our combined market share will move up to 40% or even higher.

Diversifying to Capture Opportunities

Anton Shilov: It seems that once you've implemented the right version of the NANDExtend technology for a specific type of NAND, you can use it for various applications.

Wallace C. Kou: Our core technology involves our ASIC architecture, LDPC error correction, and efficiency. I need to ensure the ASIC area is sufficient but not too large. We have to consider margins, keeping around 50% gross margin, to be competitive against internal solutions. Otherwise, customers may not choose SMI controllers.

Anton Shilov: This perfectly exemplifies the point I was trying to make. Once you have the right implementation of the NANDExtend technology, you can apply it to various types of applications.

Wallace C. Kou: Kingston, one of our clients (and a shareholder of Phison, SMI's main rival), unequivocally uses our controllers. I think their CEO once stated - when people asked Kingston, "Why don't you use SMI's solution? It's cheaper, faster, better?" They responded, "We should use Silicon Motion's controller because when we use an SMI controller, we can use Samsung NAND, we can use SK hynix NAND, and we can even use YMTC." So, they say SMI is the controller that supports multiple NAND sources, and that is extremely valuable for Kingston.

That's why, even for companies like SK hynix or Samsung, it sometimes makes more sense not to develop their own controllers for specific applications. Instead, partner with SMI, sell wafers faster, and produce more cost-effective solutions.

The Future of SSDs in the PC Market

Anton Shilov: Now that you've mentioned OEMs and turnkey solutions, what's the primary focus of SMI concerning the SSD business?

Wallace C. Kou: This question demonstrates a keen understanding. The trend here is that for module makers, the retail segment is becoming smaller and smaller, while the OEM business is gaining prominence. So, we must now focus on OEMs.

For consumer SSDs, the OEM angle is important, but it doesn't necessarily mean NAND manufacturers will win with their own branded products. Instead, observe the PC OEM business. High-end tends to remain with NAND manufacturers, but the value and mainstream segments are moving towards module makers, mostly due to superior pricing.

For example, Seagate now leverages more module makers because their pricing is more competitive. Even Lenovo in China is utilizing Union Memory for their domestic PCs, and 100% of Union Memory's controllers are from SMI.

We see this trend continuing. NAND manufacturers aim to sell complete solutions to win back market share, but the volume remains small. At the same time, Adata, Kingston, Longsys, and Biwin are starting to engage with Acer, Asus, HP, and even Dell. This is happening now.

That's why module makers are gaining strength and position. The retail portion for module makers is dwindling, but their share in the PC OEM segment is becoming a significant, crucial part of the industry.

Anton Shilov: However, module makers need to make these products competitive in terms of pricing, right?

Wallace C. Kou: Yes, NAND manufacturers may achieve 30%-35% margins, but module makers can operate on much lower margins - even 5% or 10%, especially Chinese module makers. This provides an opportunity for them.

In the past, our main emphasis was always about quality. Price, they could always match, but quality was not always up to par. Now, with SMI controllers and firmware, module makers have built up their own test capabilities and improved their factories. Now, their quality can meet the standards required by Lenovo, Dell, and HP, which is beneficial for everyone.

So, we see even more opportunities now. Module makers are more flexible and nimble in meeting urgent demands from PC OEMs.

Anton Shilov: How important is the OEM SSD market for Silicon Motion?

Wallace C. Kou: It is very important. We are very happy. Beyond working with NAND manufacturers and module makers, we now work directly with PC OEMs. For example, we have quarterly reviews with Lenovo - both in Europe and Shanghai - with their procurement teams. We also have quarterly reviews with Dell in Singapore to discuss roadmaps, firmware updates, security requirements, performance, power budgets, and everything else. We discuss their needs and how we can provide value. Our goal is to become a more suitable partner. Sometimes, we even know better than the NAND manufacturers how to help deliver a stronger solution to the customers. With HP, the interactions are a bit less frequent compared to Lenovo and Dell, but we remain in close contact.

Anton Shilov: Your focus on OEMs is, arguably, one of the reasons for SMI's late entry into the enthusiast-grade PCIe 5.0 market compared to Phison.

Wallace C. Kou: But you need to understand why. PC OEMs don't plan to launch PCIe 5.0 SSDs until the middle of this year, right? Phison wants to create buzz early. However, if you look at the actual units they've sold so far - it's not that much.

Anton Shilov: Alright, but what do you think about the enthusiast-grade SSD market? Is this a significant product category for Silicon Motion?

Wallace C. Kou: Gaming was not our primary focus. But with PCIe 5.0 eight-channel SSDs, we have become very popular - the 'darling' - for gaming PCs, workstations, high-end notebooks, and even white-box servers. By default, they're using our SM2508 controller - I'm not exactly sure why, but that's the situation. This is also why we faced shortages in Q1. Customers bought off the shelf.

Anton Shilov: Do you expect nearline storage to become a substantial focus for you over the next few years?

Wallace C. Kou: Yes, because if you follow the announcements, Meta has already said they're moving to QLC 3D NAND. Also, Pure Storage announced a major hyperscaler design win. I won't comment specifically, but if you look at Meta, Microsoft, Google, Amazon - in the past, they only used 16TB drives. There was no need for larger densities because they managed storage on the cloud side with their own software.

But now, they all want to move towards higher-density QLC - they want to go to 128TB drives as soon as possible. It's about slot density - they need higher density for AI training and inference because that requires massive amounts of storage.

That's why not only us but also Chinese companies want to replace part of the nearline HDD market. Nearline SSDs will eventually replace tape drives too. So, I think both the HDD and SSD markets are going to grow rapidly over the next five years.

Managing the Demands of Advanced Technologies

Anton Shilov: Now that you've mentioned 6nm as a means to reduce power consumption, SSDs and SSD controllers are getting hotter. Can you handle this by adopting more advanced process technologies sooner?

Wallace C. Kou: Yes. Our PCIe 6.0 enterprise controller with 16 NAND channels - which is under development, utilizes 4nm technology. In the industry, you're familiar with the competitive landscape.

Starting from PCIe 5.0, we've seen competition decrease due to the requirements for signaling and design that make it very difficult for startups to enter. For example, if you carefully consider only the IP and mask costs for PCIe Gen5 - including memory, controllers, and Arm cores - a single tape-out at 6nm could cost around $16 to $20 million. If there are mistakes, the costs increase even further.

For 4nm, tape-out expenses are about $30 to $40 million, again excluding R&D expenses. It's a significant investment. This makes the industry challenging for new entrants, and it makes us even more unique.

In the past, we've seen many startups, especially from China and the U.S., trying to enter the enterprise SSD market. But now there are fewer, and I don't see any of them announcing PCIe Gen6 designs. I'm not entirely sure if they can survive until the end of the year without proper funding.

Anton Shilov: Well, PCIe 6.0 is tough not just for controllers but also for Physical Layers (PHY). Good to hear that SMI is developing its own PCIe Gen6 solution for enterprise applications. When can we expect it to reach the market?

Wallace C. Kou: Late 2026 - 2027, possibly. We aim to align with Nvidia's Rubin platform to a certain extent, but it's a challenging schedule because PCIe Gen6 is much more complex, and the industry is trying to push storage to the next level - particularly compute storage, which aligns with Rubin.

For traditional data storage, I don't think PCIe 6.0 is really needed until maybe late 2027 or 2028. But for compute storage, they want to try to launch it together with Rubin since it connects GPU and SSDs for direct access.

Anton Shilov: How will these higher costs impact the pricing of PCIe 6.0 controllers for enterprise applications?

Wallace C. Kou: I expect the price of enterprise PCIe Gen6 SSD controllers to be at least 25-30% higher compared to enterprise PCIe Gen5 SSD controllers.

Anton Shilov: When do you expect consumer-grade PCIe 6.0 drives to arrive?

Wallace C. Kou: For consumer? You won't see any PCIe Gen6 [solutions] until 2030. PC OEMs have very little interest in PCIe 6.0 right now - they don't even want to discuss it. AMD and Intel are not interested either. That's why we feel very comfortable in our position, considering we've dominated PCIe 5.0. For the next four years, we will continue enjoying a strong position to grow in the client market.

Anton Shilov: I've seen a demonstration of a PCIe 6.0 SSD at Computex.

Wallace C. Kou: Micron takes the initiative to be the first with PCIe 6.0 SSDs, but I think Nvidia still needs to figure out how they want to use compute storage first. It takes time for them to figure out how to support peer-to-peer communications between SSD and GPU right now, but the solution is expensive.

Anton Shilov: That solution is expensive because it uses a very specific switch, advanced retimers, and specific software. But if you need it today - for peer-to-peer SSD to GPU communication - you're going to pay for it.

Wallace C. Kou: It's true, but compared to the Rubin platform, maybe it's relatively not that big in terms of volumes.

Anton Shilov: You mentioned that with every new node, tape-outs get more expensive, so you have to choose nodes that provide the right balance between price, yields, and power.

Wallace C. Kou: Yes, for returns. You must have the customer lined up, and there must be market demand. Otherwise, the investment won't deliver a return.

Anton Shilov: Would you expect SSD controllers to become more expensive over time due to more expensive IP, photomasks, and production?

Wallace C. Kou: From PCIe 5.0 to PCIe 6.0 controllers, yes. But for PCIe 4.0 and PCIe 3.0 controllers, prices will still gradually decline due to competition, especially from some Chinese players like Maxio and others. PCIe 4.0 controllers will still stay in the market for at least three to five more years. So, we also have cost reduction strategies, and we will leverage Samsung Foundry for that.

Leveraging Samsung Foundry to Reduce Costs

Anton Shilov: When it comes to Samsung Foundry, which nodes are we talking about?

Wallace C. Kou: I better not say everything, or all our competitors will know our plans! [laughs] But I can say we have specific technologies that fit perfectly for PCIe 4.0 and PCIe 5.0 SSDs. We also want to ensure TSMC doesn't have any concerns, because about 95% of our products are manufactured by TSMC. We use Samsung Foundry for specific reasons - either for Samsung-related projects or for cost reduction.

In terms of process technologies, for TSMC, we use 12nm, so when we want cost reduction with Samsung, we would consider 8nm. If we are currently using TSMC 6nm and want further cost reduction, we would move to Samsung's 5nm. That provides a reference.

But the big challenge is managing IP - how to obtain it quickly. Our internal resources are limited, and our teams are already fully focused on new-generation technologies like PCIe Gen6 and UFS 5.0. So, managing IP - that's an important secret between Silicon Motion and Samsung Foundry - and it's essential to our growth together.

If there's a need for cost reduction, we will have a Samsung version ready.

Anton Shilov: So, we're talking about double-sourcing the same controllers?

Wallace C. Kou: Not exactly, just for cost reduction. If I see my margins are under threat, I have to lower costs. But you know, NAND manufacturers often don't want to switch even if they have a design win with a PC OEM, unless there's a major generational shift. That's why we feel comfortable in our position. We need to provide more competitive pricing for module makers, but Phison has a different business model - they want to sell their full solutions (a controller with NAND).

Anton Shilov: So, in the future, you plan to have more controllers - some produced by TSMC, others by Samsung?

Wallace C. Kou: PCe 5.0 is still ramping up and not yet at full scale. You won't see significant adoption until maybe two years from now.

Anton Shilov: Speaking of IPs, do you develop them in-house, or do you license them from third parties?

Wallace C. Kou: Keys IPs - we always want to develop in-house. But for certain IPs, such as DDR controllers or I/O controllers, where we don't have deep expertise, I don't think it's necessary for us to insist on owning everything. For these, we use third-party IP. As for Samsung - there are certain secrets I can't reveal to you.

Anton Shilov: But what about PCIe IPs?

Wallace C. Kou: All PCIe IPs are in-house today. All UFS IPs are also in-house.

Partnering with Nvidia and Storage-Class Memory

Anton Shilov: Besides SSDs, which segments of the storage market do you expect to grow explosively over the next, say, three to five years?

Wallace C. Kou: Enterprise is definitely our focus - not just our focus, but also the focus of NAND manufacturers. Look at what Jensen Huang says - everyone concurs that AI relies on three major technologies: compute, storage, and networking.

We're already competing in storage, and in the future, we also want to play in connectivity. In order to truly achieve certain goals, storage and connectivity must come together to reduce latency. If you ask me where future investments will go, I'd say we're starting to develop certain networking and connectivity technologies to reduce latency and improve efficiency. This can solve some of the infrastructure problems we see today in AI systems.

It's similar to what Intel attempted with Optane, but they didn't really make it happen properly. I also see Nvidia trying to build an ecosystem with BlueField. I don't know if you've heard of it, but we had a design win with Nvidia's BlueField-3, providing Boost storage.

From BlueField, they connect through PCIe switches - likely coming from Broadcom - to 30+ SSDs in a storage bay or storage system. We're also trying to win storage bay and storage system projects with our MonTitan platform. For Boost storage, we already have a design win with Nvidia. Nvidia typically chooses two solutions - one is ours, and the other I can't disclose, but it's another player that also uses SMI controllers and firmware, just under a different name.

Anton Shilov: Do you plan to offer retimers?

Wallace C. Kou: No, not retimers. Boost Storage sits next to BlueField-3, which serves as a networking accelerator - a data processing unit (DPU). It assists the storage network as an accelerator, helping offload tasks from the CPU - that saves a lot of transfer time and reduces latency.

Anton Shilov: You mentioned compute storage, but I don't think SMI is developing it. What about third-party development?

Wallace C. Kou: I can't say that we're developing compute storage. Our customers are the ones moving in that direction, and they're developing their own hardware and working with Nvidia. We provide the controller and the SDK, but we're not directly developing compute storage.

Anton Shilov: Does that storage solution use CXL?

Wallace C. Kou: It uses a PCIe interface. But I think we'll have more internal meetings to review what they want to define - they're aiming for 100 million IOPS, which is immense. The solutions you see today, like HBM3-based accelerators, are too expensive and not really practical.

I believe they are looking for a media change. Optane was supposed to be the ideal solution, but it's gone now. Kioxia is trying to bring XL-NAND and improve its performance. SanDisk is trying to introduce High Bandwidth Flash (HBF), but honestly, I don't really believe in it.

Right now, everybody is promoting their own technology, but nothing is concrete so far. Except for XL-NAND from Kioxia - they're already selling it to hyperscalers today.

Anton Shilov: So, TLC and QLC will continue to dominate the market for the next few years?

Wallace C. Kou: Yes. Kioxia's and SanDisk's QLC is very good, and Micron's N69 QLC also looks strong. For Samsung and SK hynix, we're waiting to see their V9 generation next year - with 2TB QLC dies. They're promising very competitive products, but we have yet to test them.

Expanding Beyond SSDs

Anton Shilov: What is your short-term and mid-term business strategy, and plans?

Wallace C. Kou: The storage market seems poised to expand rapidly, not just in unit volume, but in capacity because storage sizes are growing significantly.

Our strategy is to continue capturing market share. In automotive, we are growing, and in enterprise, our presence is minimal but expanding. In client storage, we are certainly expanding. Even in mobile, the market trend favors SMI.

Today, we make up about 20% of the 1.2 billion smartphone storage units, but within three years, we should reach 30% in eMMC and UFS. I'm confident of this, as the market trend favors us.

Historically, Samsung, SK hynix, and Micron dominated mobile storage, combining mobile DRAM and NAND in a single package - eMCP or uMCP - especially for mainstream and value-line smartphones. To win the smartphone business, we have to win over NAND manufacturers - Samsung, SK hynix, Micron. But that's hard when they offer fully integrated solutions, and we're out of the game.

But we've been working with module makers, starting more than 10 years ago with Longsys and Biwin. Back then, many mistakes were made, but three years ago, we've seen real results. Now, eMMC is declining in smartphones, and UFS 2.2 is taking over. We see a trend where Chinese smartphone makers - Oppo, Vivo, Xiaomi, Honor - are moving away from UMCP and instead using discrete NAND and LPDDR4/5 DRAM separately because it's cheaper and sufficient for their requirements. They use standard UFS solutions, and that's why module makers are jumping in.

This also forces NAND manufacturers to decide: should they continue offering UFS 2.2 integrated solutions, or should they work with SMI and outsource the controller and design?

Anton Shilov: How is SMI's business split between SSDs, mobile storage, embedded storage, and expandable storage?

Wallace C. Kou: Currently, about two-thirds of our revenue comes from client SSDs, and about 30% comes from mobile storage. The rest, about 5%, includes enterprise and expandable storage.

However, we expect automotive and enterprise to grow, and they will likely together contribute around 20% by 2026 - 2027. To become more balanced, we aim to acquire more revenue from non-client SSD and mobile segments.

Adaptability in the Face of Crises

Anton Shilov: What about your acquisition strategy? Over the past three decades, you've acquired Feiya Technology, Shannon Technology, and Future Communications IC (which was later sold). Only three companies. Why is that? Any future M&A plans?

Wallace C. Kou: In the past, we've acquired two major companies - Future Communications IC (FCI) and Shannon Systems. The first acquisition was FCI. We were interested in FCI because they were a successful RF company and a leader in mobile TV technology - particularly in Korea's mobile TV market. Japan was launching mobile TV around the same time, and it looked promising. We saw initial adoption in Brazil and the UK, and mobile video streaming was gaining traction. However, the iPhone didn't support mobile TV, and video streaming on 4G killed mobile TV before it could become mainstream. Even though FCI had success with Samsung for 4G and 5G RF, Samsung eventually developed their own RF solutions, which made us decide to sell FCI to Dialog Semiconductor.

The second acquisition was Shannon Systems, which we invested in around 2015. Shannon specialized in enterprise storage and had a unique architecture - atomic write and open-channel SSDs - and they worked closely with Alibaba and Baidu. Initially, it helped us gain a better understanding of the enterprise storage business in China. Revenue grew - Shannon almost reached $100 million a year - but it was hard to maintain profits because we had to procure NAND ourselves and build the whole product line. Without strong, consistent customers and competing with NAND manufacturers like Samsung, it was difficult to make a profit.

Ultimately, we changed our entire strategy. We decided to exit the full solution business because manufacturing and NAND procurement are not our strengths. Instead, we refocused on building high-quality PCIe controllers, because without strong PCIe IP and architecture, we couldn't grow in the mainstream market.

In the past few years, we've made significant management changes, including upgrading our technology and algorithm leadership, changing our VP of legal, VP of operations, and manufacturing operations, moving to a business unit-driven model, and strengthening our relationships with top-tier customers globally. So, now, we know better how to manage potential disasters and crises.

Anton Shilov: Does that essentially mean that organic, internal development is a better strategy for growth compared to M&A?

Wallace C. Kou: For the enterprise portion, yes - I believe we need strong internal R&D teams. From an architecture perspective, we're capable, but I need more R&D resources - more ASIC and firmware engineers - to support a wide range of customers.

I see QLC SSDs becoming very critical, and we're unique in our QLC management, especially with FDP (Flexible Data Placement), which makes us a complete solution provider and helps us build an ecosystem. For example, Kingston or Union can now supply SMI - many companies can use our controllers to make drives and support customers. But in the end, I need to deliver real results.

So far, I don't see M&A as a priority - at least not by acquiring large, installed companies. However, if there's a candidate in Taiwan that fits well, I would consider an acquisition, mainly focusing on IP areas related to connectivity. We've already started to build internal teams for PCIe Gen5/Gen6 controller IP and connectivity solutions separately, but I'd like more resources to speed up development. I need more than just storage products - I need connectivity products too.

Adapting to Disruptions

Anton Shilov: You've navigated SMI through various crises, including the 2008-2009 financial crisis and the 2020-2021 pandemic. Do you have any special strategy for navigating through major disruptions?

Wallace C. Kou: Yes. Besides COVID and even the failed MaxLinear acquisition, we've made significant management changes in the past few years. We upgraded our technology and algorithm leadership, changed our VP of legal, VP of operations, and manufacturing operations, switched to a business unit-driven model, and strengthened our relationships with top-tier customers globally. So now, we know better how to manage potential disasters and crises.

Trump tariffs are another challenge. But we've learned to prepare, such as ensuring close relationships with our customers in the United States. Dell, HPE, and Cisco are all comfortable working with us.

In the United States, we don't ship a lot directly; we have very few direct customers there. Instead, Cisco and Dell would utilize manufacturing partners in Thailand, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil, and elsewhere to address these tariffs.

Regarding the tariffs' impact on the storage market, I don't think it will be significant. NAND manufacturers are focused on balancing bit output, and overall channel demand is still weak. For instance, smartphone growth is around 3-5%, and PC growth is about 4-5%, which is lower than the 7-8% growth predicted late last year. In SMI's case, we've managed to maintain revenue growth despite these challenges by focusing on high-growth segments such as enterprise SSDs, automotive, AI smartphones, and next-gen display interfaces.

In conclusion, by keeping a strong focus on our core competencies in SSD controller development, building strategic partnerships, and leveraging the continued growth in high-potential market segments, we'll continue to thrive in the evolving SSD industry.

  1. Given the continuous focus on technological advancements, Silicon Motion's development of a PCIe 6.0 enterprise controller with 16 NAND channels, utilizing a 4nm technology, demonstrates an aspiration to align with emerging industry trends and maintain their competitive edge in the storage market.
  2. In the ever-evolving landscape of finance, technology, and general-news, the growth potential of Silicon Motion and other key players like Kingston, Adata, and Lenovo in the OEM market for SSDs showcases strategic partnerships, technological collaboration, and market diversification as significant factors for success and expansion in the industry.

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